Subject Pronouns and to Be Verbs
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1- Clip subject pronouns
که شامل 9 فیلم است
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Subject Pronouns
ضمایر فاعلی ضمایری هستند که به جای فاعل (انجام دهنده کار) در جمله می‌آیند. این ضمایر می‌توانند به جای اسامی در جمله قرار بگیرند.
| ضمایر فاعلی |
Subject Pronouns |
| من |
I |
| تو (یک نفر) |
you |
| او (زن) |
she |
| او (مرد) |
he |
| او (حیوان یا شیء) |
it |
| ما |
we |
| شما (دو یا چند نفر) |
you |
| ایشان |
they |
To Be Verbs
هر کدام از این ضمایر همراه با یک فعل خاص در جمله استفاده می‌شوند.
| فعل مصدر بودن |
To Be Verb |
Subject Pronoun |
| هستم |
am |
I |
| هستی |
are |
you |
| هست |
is |
she |
| هست |
is |
he |
| هست |
is |
it |
| هستیم |
are |
we |
| هستید |
are |
you |
| هستند |
are |
they |
Examples:
I am Malika.
I am a girl.
I am at home now.
You are Alan.
You are a boy.
You are a basketball player.
She is Amy.
She is thirteen.
She is a hockey player.
He is Roman.
He is a carpenter.
He is at work.
It is Macy.
It is a cat.
It is cute.
We are Matt and Joe.
We are in the classroom.
We are friends.
You are sisters.
You are triplets.
You are pretty.
They are cyclists.
They are on their bikes.
They are strong.
They are cranes.
They are white and gray.
They are beautiful.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Short Form:
ما می‌توانیم مجموع فاعل و فعل to be را به صورت کوتاه و مخفف هم بنویسیم. به جدول زیر دقت کنید:
| Short Form |
|
To Be Verb |
Subject Pronoun |
| I’m |
➡️ |
am |
I |
| you’re |
➡️ |
are |
you |
| she’s |
➡️ |
is |
she |
| he’s |
➡️ |
is |
he |
| it’s |
➡️ |
is |
it |
| we’re |
➡️ |
are |
we |
| you’re |
➡️ |
are |
you |
| they’re |
➡️ |
are |
they |
:Negative Form
How to turn these sentences into negative form?
چطور این جمله‌ها را به صورت منفی در آوریم؟
برای منفی کردن این جمله‌ها کافیست کلمه not را بعد از فعل to be بیاوریم.
| فعل مصدر بودن |
To Be Verb + not |
Subject Pronoun
|
| نیستم |
am not |
I |
| نیستی |
are not |
you |
| نیست |
is not |
she |
| نیست |
is not |
he |
| نیست |
is not |
it |
| نیستیم |
are not |
we |
| نیستید |
are not |
you |
| نیستند |
are not |
they |
ما می‌توانیم فعل to be و not را به صورت مخفف و کوتاه شده نیز بنویسیم. (به جز فعل am.)
📎 نکته مهم:
ما نمی‌توانیم am و not را به صورت مخفف بنویسیم؛ بنابراین جواب کوتاه با I ” “فقط به این صورت می‌تواند باشد: No, I’m not.
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| Short Form |
To Be Verb + not |
| - |
am not |
| aren’t |
are not |
| isn’t |
is not |
| isn’t |
is not |
| isn’t |
is not |
| aren’t |
are not |
| aren’t |
are not |
| aren’t |
are not |
درنتیجه می‌توانیم مجموعه فاعل، فعل و not را به دو صورت بنویسیم:
| Short Form 2 |
Short Form 1 |
|
|
| - |
I’m not |
➡️ |
I am not |
| you aren’t |
You’re not |
➡️ |
you are not |
| she isn’t |
she’s not |
➡️ |
she is not |
| he isn’t |
he’s not |
➡️ |
he is not |
| it isn’t |
it’s not |
➡️ |
it is not |
| we aren’t |
we’re not |
➡️ |
we are not |
| you aren’t |
you’re not |
➡️ |
you are not |
| they aren’t |
they’re not |
➡️ |
they are not |
Examples:
| Negative Form |
Positive Sentence |
| - |
I’m not at home now. |
I am at home now. |
| You aren’t Alan. |
You’re not Alan. |
You are Alan. |
| She isn’t thirteen. |
She’s not thirteen. |
She is thirteen. |
| He isn’t at work. |
He’s not at work. |
He is at work. |
| It isn’t a cat. |
It’s not a cat. |
Itis a cat. |
| We aren’t friends. |
We’re not friends. |
We are friends. |
| You aren’t triplets. |
You’re not triplets. |
You are triplets. |
| They aren’t on their bikes. |
They’re not on their bikes. |
They are on their bikes. |
| They aren’t beautiful. |
They’re not beautiful. |
They are beautiful. |
Yes /No questions
How to make a Yes/No question with these sentences?
چطور با این جملات سؤالات بله/خیر بسازیم؟
در ابتدا بهتر است بدانیم که سؤالات بله/خیر چه جور سؤالاتی هستند. سؤالاتی که پاسخ آن‌ها بله یا خیر هست را سؤالات Yes/No یا بله/خیر می نامیم. برای مثال:
Are you happy? آیا تو خوشحالی؟ / تو خوشحالی؟
Is he a student? آیا او دانش‌آموز است؟ / او دانش‌آموز است؟
وقتی فعل جمله ما to be است، برای ساختن سوال کافیست که فعل to be یعنی am, is, are را به اول جمله بیاوریم.
به مثال‌های زیر دقت کنید:
| Yes/No Question |
Positive Sentence |
Am I at home now?
Are you at home now?
|
I am at home now. |
| Are you Alan? |
You are Alan. |
| Is she thirteen? |
She is thirteen. |
| Is he at work? |
He is at work. |
| Is it a cat? |
It is a cat. |
| Are we friends? |
We are friends. |
| Are you triplets? |
You are triplets. |
| Are they on their bikes? |
They are on their bikes. |
Exercise 3
Answering Yes/No questions
How to answer Yes/No questions?
چگونه سؤالات بله/خیر را جواب دهیم؟
برای پاسخ دادن به این سؤالات باید از کلمات Yes و No استفاده کنیم و هر سوال را با فاعل خودش جواب می‌دهیم. برای دادن جواب مثبت ابتدا کلمه yes را می‌آوریم، سپس کاما (,) بعد از آن فاعل، بعد فعل to be و در آخر هم نقطه (.).
| 4- Clip Answering Questions, Positive |
به این مثال‌ها توجه کنید:
برای دادن جواب منفی ابتدا کلمه no را می‌آوریم، سپس علامت (,) بعد از آن فاعل و بعد فعل to be به همراه not (شکل کوتاه فعل و not) در آخر هم نقطه (.).
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📎 نکته مهم:
ما نمی‌توانیم am و not را به صورت مخفف بنویسیم؛ بنابراین جواب کوتاه با I ” “فقط به این صورت می‌تواند باشد: No, I’m not.
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| Short Answer |
Yes/No Question |
Positive Form |
| Yes, I am. |
Am I at home now?
Are you at home now? |
I am at home now. |
| Yes, I am. |
Are you Alan? |
You are Alan. |
| Yes, she is. |
Is she thirteen? |
She is thirteen. |
| Yes, he is. |
Is he at work? |
He is at work. |
| Yes, it is. |
Is it a cat? |
It is a cat. |
| Yes, we are. |
Are we friends?
Are you friends? |
We are friends. |
| Yes, we are. |
Are you triplets? |
You are triplets. (plural you) |
| Yes, they are. |
Are they on their bikes? |
They are on their bikes. |
| 5- Clip Answering Questions, Negative |
Exercise 4
| Short Answer |
Yes/No Question |
Positive Form |
| No, I’m not. |
Am I at home now?
Are you at home now? |
I am at home now. |
| No, I’m not. |
Are you Alan? |
You are Alan. |
| No, she isn’t. |
Is she thirteen? |
She is thirteen. |
| No, he isn’t. |
Is he at work? |
He is at work. |
| No, it isn’t. |
Is it a cat? |
It is a cat. |
| No, we aren’t. |
Are we friends? |
We are friends. |
| No, we aren’t. |
Are you triplets? |
You are triplets. (plural you) |
| No, they aren’t. |
Are they on their bikes? |
They are on their bikes. |